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Abuhussain, M (2020) An assessment of the Saudi Residential Buildings Envelope Code under the current and future climate change scenarios: the case for Jeddah in the hot and humid climate region, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Akade, S A (2017) Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country: an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.
Akinnola, P (2021) Improving project performance on construction projects through stakeholder management-an action research inquiry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Aksenova, G (2020) The dark side of ecosystem orchestration: an empirical investigation of building information management in the digital built environment sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Al Hawsah, M O (2020) The impact of project sponsors' decisions on the success of projects: An action research study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Al-Ashaikh, M H (1996) Project management in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, problems and solutions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Al-Gathafi, M M (2005) Riskness of time and cost overruns and the effectiveness of risk response measure strategies in the Libyan construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Al-Hachami, Z (2020) Decision making in the oil and gas construction project management: structured VS discretionary, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Al-Omari, T (2004) Stochastic regression modelling of cost and duration overrun of construction projects implemented in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Alattyih, W (2015) Value creation and risk assessment for green building design in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Aljarman, M (2016) Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Alzaed, A (2012) User centered passive building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Alzahrani, A (2015) Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Alzahrani, S (2015) Dynamic simulation of the impact of risk events and risk cost in KSA PPP projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Bassanino, M N (1999) The perception of computer generated architectural images, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).
Binsarra, F A (2016) Uncovering the structure and the dynamic of information propagation in building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Blyth, K A (2002) A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Elhag, T M S (2004) Tender price modelling: artificial neural networks and regression techniques, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture & Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Evans, R C (2002) Dynamic cash flow forecasting model for construction contractors, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Feldbauer, R R (2019) Mindful project management: a framework to enhance underperformance managing large hospital builds by incorporating principles adapted from High Reliability Organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.
Gee, S (2019) The development of an innovative, lean, mobile factory system to manufacture timber frame closed panels in temporary locations for use in the Assembly of Houses in the Affordable Rented Sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Gholami, E (2017) Exploiting BIM in energy efficient domestic retrofit: evaluation of benefits and barriers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Gkeredakis, E (2009) Explaining the distinctiveness of coordination through an in-depth study of a major construction project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Management School, University of Liverpool.
Hepworth, A (2021) Decision-making in immature projects organisational environment: A mental model approach that influences conscientious critical thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Ibrahim, A M (2019) A method to support leadership effectiveness in a construction project organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.
Jervis, E (2015) Lowering CO2 emissions: a framework for overcoming institutional pressures and diffusing low carbon strategy throughout the construction supply chain, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.
Khodadadyan, A (2021) Living and future tools for risk assessment: an examination of the possibilities for fusion, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Kori, S i (2017) BIM business value creation for SME architectural firms in Nigeria using intellectual capital development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Makwiranzou, C (2019) Building trust and managing risk between the client, consultant, and contractor in traditional and relational construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.
Morton, R R (1982) The speculative housebuilding industry in the nineteen seventies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Munir, M (2020) Development of a building information modelling asset value realisation model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.
Nizam Shaikh, R (2019) BIM-based investigation of total energy consumption in delivering buildings as a product, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Raimi, T (2017) Achieving customer satisfaction in a private housing organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Salih, A (2020) Project management information system introduction: Challenges and remedies in a construction context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Savva, C (2023) Lessons that can be learnt using action research strategies within TfL, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).
Sujan, S F (2020) A holistic and systemic model of collaboration in the AED industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Sutton, R M (2019) The development of a sustainable construction design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.
Tomlinson, J (1998) A premises occupancy cost forecasting model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool.
Wanous, M (2000) A neurofuzzy expert system for competitive tendering in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.
- Type: Thesis
- Keywords: artificial neural network; bidding; civil engineering; complexity; expert system; performance; pricing; tendering; contractor; fuzzy set; bidding model; decision analysis; neural network; probability; regression analysis
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343683
- Abstract:
Competitive tendering is one of the most critical activities of contractors in the construction industry. A contractor must first decide whether to bid or not for a new project. If the "bid" decision was made, a cost estimate needs to be produced considering uncertainties involved in pricing the required materials, plant and labour and, thereafter, a mark up should be determined and added to the cost estimate as a coverage of profit and an allowance for unexpected risks. The tendering decisions; i.e. whether or not to bid and how much to mark up the estimated cost, are very important as they have profound effects on the day-to-day operations and the long-term performance of the construction firm. The importance of these two decisions lies in the fact that the success of a construction organisation is dependent on their outcomes. Additionally, these decisions are very complex because they are liable to be affected by many internal and external factors. In practice, however, the bidding decisions are usually made in a largely subjective manner. The absence of a suitable structured basis often results in mistakes causing loss to contractors and adversely affecting the industry. The main objective of the present study is to develop a simple-to-use tendering strategy model for possible implementation in the Syrian construction industry. During the last fifty years, many attempts have been made to model the process of making the bidding decisions. The majority of the developed models were based of the probability and the utility theories. The mathematical complexity of these modes, their over-simplified assumptions, and the necessity of historical data made them inapplicable in the construction industry. Other models were developed using regression analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. These models have many advantages over the probability and utility models. For example, they represent the bidding process more realistically as they account for multiple factors that affect this process. Also, the expert systems and the artificial neural network techniques were applied to the bidding process and helped to achieve some improvement over previous models. More recently, many researchers have proposed bidding strategies based on the fuzzy set theory. They claimed that fuzzy set theory is very suitable for the subjective nature of the tendering decisions. However, there is not a strong agreement among researchers on which modelling technique is the best for developing practical and more applicable tendering models. Therefore, based on the literature review, the modelling techniques that proved to be useful in previous studies were selected and used in the current work. These are regression analysis, decision analysis, and the artificial neural network techniques. The neural networks model was more reliable compared with the other models. Attempting to achieve more improvements, a new technology called neurofuzzy was implemented. This technology is a combination of neural networks and fuzzy expert systems. The application of this powerful tool has enabled an innovative tendering strategy model to be developed. This model has numerous advantages over all previous bidding models. It was implemented in a user-friendly computer prototype called NET (Neurofuzzy Expert systems for competitive Tendering in civil engineering). Testing NET on real life bidding situations provided evidence that it could be used in practice with great confidence. Unlike most previous bidding strategy models, NET can provide guidance in making the "bid/no bid" decision and in setting a suitable mark up size. This model provides civil engineering contractors with a standard methodology to improve the quality of their tendering decisions. It does not require any historical data about previous projects or potential competitors. Also, the user does not need to perform any mathematical computations. All he/she needs is to provide his/her subjective assessments of the bidding situation under consideration. In addition to all these advantages, the proposed model can be modified very easily to suit certain tendering policies by learning from new examples, adding new rules to the knowledge base, removing existing rules or fine-tuning their associative importance.
Wellings, F (2005) The rise of the national housebuilder: A history of British housebuilders through the twentieth century, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Xi, J (2013) Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.
Zou, Y (2017) Building information modelling and knowledge-based risk management system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.